Lung & Mediastinum

Tuesday 13 May 2014

Andrea Bianchi¹, Sandrine Dufort^2,3, François Lux⁴, Nawal Tassali¹, Pierre-Yves Fortin¹, Olivier Tillement⁴, Jean-Luc Coll², and Yannick Crémillieux^1
1Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France, ²Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France, ³Nano-H, Saint Quentin-Fallavier, France, ⁴Institut Lumière Matière, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The burden of this disease could be greatly reduced with an early diagnostics. We present here an in vivo MRI longitudinal study of lung cancer detection in tumor-bearing mice through intratracheally- and intravenously-administered multimodal Ultra-Small Rigid Platforms and a commercial Gd-based contrast agent. The localization of the tumors was validated against bioluminescence imaging and histology. In this study we showed for the first time that the synergic employment of a strongly T1-weighted MRI UTE sequence and high-relaxivity gadolinium-based nanoparticles allow the high-precision detection of lung tumor and of its contours.

Ho Yun Lee^1
1Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Seoul, Korea

A lung adenocarcinoma is a heterogeneous tumor, and it usually consists of variable combinations of two or more histologic subtypes. In the new IASLC/ATS/ERS international multidisciplinary classification of lung adenocarcinoma, invasive adenocarcinomas are reclassified as lepidic, acinar, papillary, and solid subtypes in consideration of their predominant patterns of constituents; in addition, the micropapillary subtype has been added as a new histologic subtype. Previous studies have already used this subclassification system and validated its important prognostic implications. We hypothesized that histological subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma differ in terms of SUVmax in PET and ADC values in DWI. The purpose of our study was to correlate the results of subtyping and grading of lung adenocarcinoma based on new IASLC/ATS/ERS Classification with SUVs at PET/CT and ADC values at DWI.

Xiutao Shi¹, Tejan Diwanji¹, Jolinta Lin¹, Warren D. D'Souza¹, and Nilesh N. Mistry^1
1Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States

Appropriate selection of the internal margin for mobile tumors is paramount for patients with thoracic tumors in order to adequately direct the radiation dose to the tumor while sparing healthy tissues. In this study, the adequacy of the margins determined with the conventional 4DCT treatment planning images was looked into by comparing the tumor movement – quantified with template matching – in cine-MRI images to that in 4DCT images. Results from the study show that margins determined with 4DCT are often not enough and MRI can be an important complementary tool in determining margins due to the non-ionizing nature.

Yoshiharu Ohno¹, Shinichiro Seki², Mizuho Nishio¹, Hisanobu Koyama², Takeshi Yoshikawa¹, Sumiaki Matsumoto¹, Nobukazu Aoyama³, Makoto Obara⁴, Marc van Cauteren⁵, Hideaki Kawamitsu³, and Kazuro Sugimura^2
1Advanced Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan, ²Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan, ³Center for Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan, ⁴Philips Electronics Japan, Tokyo, Japan, ⁵Philips Healthcare Asia Pacific, Tokyo, Japan

Dynamic O2-enhanced MRI is suggested as useful for separate assessments of regional ventilation and oxygen transfer in smokers. However, there are no reports about capability of assessment of dynamic O2-enhanced MRI for pulmonary functional loss assessment and clinical stage classification in asthmatics. We hypothesized that dynamic O2-enhanced MRI has potential for functional loss assessment and clinical stage classification in asthmatics as well as quantitatively assessed thin-section CT. The purpose of the study reported here was to prospectively and directly compare the efficacy of dynamic O2-enhanced MRI and quantitative CT for functional loss assessment and clinical stage classification in asthmatics.

Jens Vogel-Claussen¹, Julius Renne¹, Peer Lauermann¹, Jan Hinrichs¹, Christian Schönfeld¹, Sajoscha Sorrentino¹, Marcel Gutberlet¹, Peter Jakob², Axel Haverich¹, Gregor Warnecke¹, Tobias Welte¹, Frank K Wacker¹, and Jens Gottlieb^1
1Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Niedersachsen, Germany, ²University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

Oxygen-enhanced T1 mapping MRI of the lung is capable of detecting pulmonary alterations occurring in patients with chronic lung rejection after transplantation. The coefficient of variation and ÄT1 between room air and 100% oxygen may serve as novel biomarkers for early bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS).

Grzegorz Bauman¹, Kevin M Johnson¹, Laura C Bell¹, Julia V Velikina¹, Alexey A Samsonov¹, Scott K Nagle^1,2, and Sean B Fain^1,2
1Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States, ²Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States

In this work we present a novel DCE MRI technique that combines a time-resolved 3D UTE acquisition with constrained reconstruction for assessment of regional lung perfusion. High isotropic spatial resolution is achieved by acquiring undersampled data for each time frame and reconstructing it using dimensionality reduction in temporal domain via principal component analysis and wavelet soft-thresholding in spatial domain. We present feasibility of this technique in simulations using a fractal-based digital lung phantom and in vivo experiment in a human subject.

Natalie Christine Chuck¹, Wolfgang Jungraithmayr², Moritz Wurnig¹, Markus Weiger³, and Andreas Boss^1
1Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland, ²Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland, ³Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute for Technology Zürich, Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland

In this study we wanted to show that ultrashort echo-time sequences are capable of identifying and characterizing changes in the lung parenchyma that appear after allogeneic lung transplantation. We used a mouse model and compared the allogeneic transplanted mice to syngeneic transplanted group in order to differentiate the changes from ischemia/reperfusion injury which also often occurs after lung transplantation. Therefore we scanned the animals on three different time points after the transplantation using conventional T2 sequences as well as UTE sequences with different echo times.

Flavio Carinci^1,2, Cord Meyer², Felix A Breuer¹, Simon Triphan^1,3, and Peter M Jakob^1,2
1Research Center Magnetic Resonance Bavaria (M.R.B.), Würzburg, Germany, ²Department of Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany, ³Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

Knowledge of the regional blood volume fraction in the lungs is of particular interest for the assessment of lung functionality and the diagnosis of several lung diseases, as well as for the T₁ and T₂ quantification when using multi-compartmental models. In this work a non-contrast enhanced MR-technique for in-vivo imaging of the blood volume fraction in the human lung is presented. To this end a ECG-synchronized STEAM-prepared HASTE sequence was used. The results show a wide distribution of the blood volume fraction within the lung parenchyma with an average value of about 35%.

Sajan Goud Lingala¹, Yasir Baqqal¹, John Newell¹, Dingxin Wang², Jessica C Sieren¹, Daniel Thedens¹, and Mathews Jacob^1
1University of Iowa, Iowa city, Iowa, United States, ²Siemens Medical Solutions, Minneapolis, MN, United States

3-D dynamic MRI of the lung is a promising tool to assess lung function and mechanics. Compared to multi-slice 2D-DMRI, 3-D acquisitions enables the accurate estimation of lung volumes and its variations. However, its full potential is not clinically realized due to restricted spatio-temporal resolutions and volume coverage. In this work, we propose to employ a blind compressed sensing (BCS) scheme to overcome existing trade-offs with 3D-DMRI. The BCS scheme exploits the sparsity of the dynamic dataset in a dictionary of temporal bases that are estimated from the measurements. Since the bases are learnt from the data at hand, they are more representative of the temporal variations within the data, and are expected to provide sparser representations than compressed sensing (CS) schemes that utilize predetermined bases. In addition, it does not require any assumptions on the breathing conditions. Additionally, we propose to combine BCS with parallel imaging and golden angle (GA) radial sampling; the combination offers superior incoherence properties. With the BCS scheme, we show feasibilities of imaging the lung during normal breathing at spatial resolutions and time resolutions of upto (2.37mm2, 0.72 sec) slice coverage (16 slices, 4 mm thickness)

Kyle Mitchell Jones¹, Edward Randtke², Christine Howison³, Matt Kottman⁴, Patricia Sime⁴, and Mark Pagel^5
1Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States, ²Physical Chemistry, University of Arizona, AZ, United States, ³University of Arizona, AZ, United States, ⁴University of Rochester, NY, United States, ⁵Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, University of Arizona, Arizona, United States

The pH and vascular perfusion of lung fibrotic tissue were measured using a novel respiration gated acidoCEST MRI method to correlate lung fibrosis and pH. It is thought that a low pH environment will activate TGFβ resulting in the up regulation of fibroblasts leading to scar tissue formation; however, directly measuring lung tissue pH in vivo has not been possible until now. Our results show that respiration gating significantly reduced motion artifacts in the lung allowing for accurate pH and perfusion measurements. Both pH and perfusion were shown to increase as lesion volume decreased thereby supporting the proposed hypothesis.