Daniele Mascali^1,2, Antonio Maria Chiarelli¹, Richard Geoffrey Wise¹, and Federico Giove^2
1Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio University" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy, ²Centro Fermi - Museo storico della fisica e Centro studi e ricerche Enrico Fermi, Rome, Italy

The human connectome project collected resting-state data from over 1000 healthy young-adult subjects. Looking beyond its original purpose, this database represents a valuable resource for benchmarking denoising pipelines. Unfortunately, quality control data for selecting scans with opposite noise characteristics, such as scans with extremely low or high head motion, are not publicly available. Here, we explored the entire resting-state human connectome project to provide researchers with a database of quality control metrics. Using the database, we constructed two instances of samples with suitable features for benchmarking purposes.

Sneha Vaishali Senthil¹, Vijayakumar Chinnadurai¹, Ardaman Kaur¹, Pawan Kumar¹, Prabhjot Kaur¹, and Maria D Souza^1
1NMR Division, Institute for Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India

Association between slowly varying rs-fMRI networks and rapidly varying topographical EEG microstates is yet to be explored. We propose a novel quantum microstate-based clustering approach to assess quasi-stable patterns in resting state-EEG signals and analyze their association with rs-fMRI networks (RSNs). Clustering results were estimated by constructing a scale-space probability function from dynamic EEG potentials and the eigenstates in Hilbert space was assessed. These quantum-EEG microstate informed RSNs exhibited correlation with frontoparietal, posterior DMN, executive, visual and sensori-motor networks. The sub-second coherent neural activation within global large-scale functional brain networks may help investigate different mental health states.

Peter Van Schuerbeek¹, Linde De Wandel², Sam Bonduelle³, Djamila Bennabi⁴, and Chris Baeken^3
1Radiology, UZ Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium, ²Head and Skin, UGent, Ghent, Belgium, ³Psychiatry, UZ Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium, ⁴Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Bourgogne, France

Episodic future thinking (EFT) is the ability to imagine events to occur in one’s personal future. In this study, we studied the interaction of one rTMS session on the left DLPFC with EFT on the connectivity between areas from the DMN, the hippocampus and the amygdalae. 

All participants performed an EFT task before and 1 hour after a real or sham rTMS session during a fMRI scan. 

Our preliminary results showed interesting changes in the connectivity between the MPFC and right LP with both amygdalae. However, more data is needed to strengthen these results.

hacer dasgin¹, naciye vardar yagli², melda saglam², and kader karli oguz^3
1National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey, ²The Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey, ³Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) on brain activity in healthy people using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI). Participants were assigned into a training group (n=14), which consisted of 2 subgroups, namely sham group (n=7) and treatment group (n=7) and their native a baseline (n=14) group.  Apart from global correlations, brain intrinsic networks differences between groups and subgroups were also examined. Compared to the baseline and sham there was a decrease in global BOLD signal changes and more localized clusters of activation in the treatment group. 

Anissa L. Ramadhani^1,2, Ali-Reza Mohammadi-Nejad^1,2,3, Katrin Krumbholz^2,4, and Dorothee Auer^1,2,3
1Radiological Sciences, DCN, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom, ²SPMIC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom, ³National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham BRC, Queens Medical Ctr, Nottingham, United Kingdom, ⁴Hearing Sciences, DCN, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have suggested that neural variability and connectivity (temporal coherence) are generally reduced during active versus passive (or resting) brain states. In this study, we investigate if this reduction in brain coherence is a supra-modal or modality-specific effect. For that, we compared BOLD signal during rest and whilst performing a continuous auditory or visual task. Our results suggest that task-induced reduction in brain coherence occurs only in default-mode and hetero-modal brain regions.

Himanshu Singh¹, S Senthil Kumaran¹, A Ankeeta¹, and Shefali Chaudhary^1
1Department of NMR, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India

Spoken word and its underlying semantic cognition has a complex interaction and is an unexplored domain. We designed a 1-back auditory working memory task to understand the semantic context, where individual’s frequency characteristics are quantified through audiometric tests. Task connectome analysis is parametrically modulated with frequency parameters to highlight the effect of frequency specificity, to distinguish the characteristics of auditory cognition from perception to cognition aspect. The semantic cognition is associated to frequency specific nature of stimuli.

Sana Hussain¹, Isaac Menchaca¹, Mahsa Alizadeh Shalchy², Kimia C. Yaghoubi², Jason Langley³, Aaron R. Seitz², Megan A.K. Peters⁴, and Xiaoping P. Hu^1,3
1Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States, ²Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States, ³Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States, ⁴Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States

Locus coeruleus (LC) is involved in attention and other brain functions. We ascertained how LC activity up-regulation affects brain states derived from a hidden Markov model.  Upon up-regulating LC activity, we found increased pupil size during state switching. This may indicate an increase in LC activation during the state switching process. Specifically, significant interactions between state and condition were observed when transitioning into the default mode network, but not into attention networks. The lack of interaction may be due to LC already being active during transitions into the attention network.

Himanshu Singh¹, S Senthil Kumaran¹, and A Ankeeta^1
1Department of NMR, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India

Understanding the hemodynamic signature of experience elucidating  cognition is an important feature of dynamic functional connectivity. Quantification of such dynamic microstate may play a role across neuro disorders. We employed a rest-task-rest design of Navon paradigm with auditory load to highlight the feature of dynamic networks specific to task. Quantifying perception stage of stimuli reveal dynamic interaction limited to task specific attention and information processing networks (even across resting phase) and predict dynamic nature across brain states.

S Senthil Kumaran¹, Himanshu Singh¹, A Ankeeta¹, and Shefali Chaudhary^1
1Department of NMR, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India

Specificity of semantic cognition to characteristics of audio information is a complex interaction of executive and sensory networks. A 2-back auditory working memory task and audiometric assessments were analysed to study the information processing of semantic cognition. A gPPI analysis with frequency modulation were computed for connectome analysis. Interaction of network with respect to the frequency exhibited significant correlation for modulated frequency domain and no interaction for characteristic frequency domain, which suggest frequency heterogeneity during semantic language processing.

Junxia Wang¹, Sichu Wu², Jiaming Lu¹, Jilei Zhang³, Zhao Qing^1,4, and Bing Zhang^1
1Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China, ²The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China, ³Philips Healthcare, Shanghai, China, ⁴Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China

KIBRA rs17070145 and gender have been found to have associations with episodic memory. However, the underlying mechanisms and their combined effects on the brain gray matter volume (GMV) and functional connectivity density (FCD) remain unknown. This study found that KIBRA gene interacted with gender on the GMV and long-range FCD (lrFCD) using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis. These findings underscored the importance of KIBRA and gender interactions as regards to brain structural and functional alterations, which is crucial for the neurobiological understanding of episodic memory.

Ran Pang^1,2, Xi Wu³, Yuchen Chi⁴, Rommy Elyan⁵, Xianke Luo⁶, Zhigang Chen⁶, Qingxian Yang², Karunanayaka Prasanna⁷, and Kuncheng Li^8
1Department of Radiology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China, ²Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States, ³Department of Acupuncture, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China, ⁴Department of Otolaryngology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China, ⁵Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, PA, USA, Hershey, PA, United States, ⁶Department of Neurology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China, ⁷Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States, ⁸Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

The cerebellum is an important brain structure for sleep. We identified a global connectivity mechanism with which the cerebellum coordinates and controls sleep-related networks. Global connectivity of the cerebellum showed a highly selective relationship with individual differences in slow-wave sleep (SWS) improvements, after both verum and sham acupuncture treatments. Cerebellar connectivity with the thalamus differed significantly between treatment types. Highlighting its ability to distinguish amongst processes central to sham and verum treatments. Our findings suggest a particular architecture for the cerebellum: a flexible global hub with a brain-wide influence, supporting both circadian rhythms and sleep homeostasis.

Jia Yan Shi¹, Zhong Shuai Zhang², and Hua Jun Chen^1
1Department of Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China, ²SIEMENS Healthcare, Shanghai, China

We aimed to explore dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) differences and to elucidate their association with neurocognitive changes in cirrhotic patients. Sliding window correlation approach was employed to calculate dFNC. FNC states were determined by k-means clustering method, and then state analysis was conducted. The patients showed decreased FNC in State 2 and state 3. The patients spent significantly longer time in State 4 that was with weakest FNC. We observed a significant correlation between Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score and fraction time/mean dwell time in State 4. Aberrant dFNC may be the underlying mechanism of neurocognitive impairments in cirrhosis.

Wenwen Gao¹, Lei Du¹, Bing Liu¹, Yue Chen¹, Yige Wang¹, Xiuxiu Liu¹, Lizhi Xie ², and Guolin Ma^1
1China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China, ²GE healthcare, China, Beijing, China

Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a motor disorder. The purpose of this study was to explore the alterations of the cortical-striatal network in HFS using resting-state fMRI. We found that the functional connectivity (FC) between the putamen and ventral striatum and both motor and emotion-related cortex was increased in patients with HFS compared to the healthy controls. The FC between the ventral striatum and the motor cortex was positively correlated with the spasm intensity. To sum up, HFS may lead to altered neural activity in the cortical-striatal loop.

Jia Yan Shi¹, Zhong Shuai Zhang², and Hua Jun Chen^1
1Department of Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China, ²SIEMENS Healthcare, Shanghai, China

We aimed to investigate alterations in regional and network-level neural function in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and examine the association between these alterations and patients’ cognition dysfunction. HCV-infected patients performed significantly worse in the cognitive tests. In the HCV group, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) decreased in two prefrontal regions (Region-1and Region-2). The HCV group showed lower FC between the Region-1 and right middle frontal gyrus; whereas they presented an increase in FC between Region-2 and bilateral parietal-temporal cortex. HCV infection affects brain function, including local intrinsic neural activity and global functional integration.

Qian Chen¹, Han Lv¹, Zhaodi Wang², and Zhenchang Wang^1
1Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, ²Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

Idiopathic tinnitus patients experienced significant differences in auditory-related and nonauditory-related brain reorganization before and after sound therapy (narrow band noise), that is, sound therapy may have a significant effect on brain reorganization in patients with idiopathic tinnitus.

jian jiang¹ and yanwei miao^1
1The first affiliated hospital of Dalian medical university, Dalian, China

This study investigated the link between PHN and the small-world properties of functional networks within the brain.

Helene L Philogene-Khalid^1,2, Eric M Cunningham¹, Mary F Morrison^1,2, and Nicolas R Bolo^3,4
1Psychiatry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States, ²Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States, ³Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States, ⁴Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States

Unlike alcohol and nicotine, there is no FDA-approved pharmacological treatment for cocaine use disorder (CoCUD). The purpose of this study was to investigate clavulanic acid (CLAV), a GLT-1 activator, for its potential to treat CoCUD. Resting state fMRI was used to assess changes in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) functional connectivity with repeated CLAV for 10 days. CLAV altered the connectivity of ACC with default mode network, motor control, and addiction cue reactivity related regions. This pilot study supports the development of CLAV for CoCUD treatment.  

Marina Celestine¹, Jean-Baptiste Pérot¹, Muriel Jacquier-sarlin², Karine Cambon¹, Julien Flament¹, Alain Buisson², Anne-Sophie Hérard¹, and Marc Dhenain^1
1Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-roses, France, ²University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences (GIN), Grenoble, France

Early brain dysfunctions found in Alzheimer's disease are due to soluble pathological forms of b-amyloid peptide (Aβ). Among the familial Aβ mutations, the Osaka-Aβ variant is characterized by the intraneuronal accumulation of toxic Aβ without forming extracellular Aβ deposition. It affects synaptic function by modulating excitatory pathways leading to memory defects. Here, we performed a multimodal study to unveil brain network signatures of the pathology. Combining resting-state fMRI, gluCEST and diffusion analysis, we revealed that exposition to Osaka-Aβ leads to abnormal brain connectivity through impairment of the default mode and the hippocampal-memory networks.

Jiawei Han¹, Hui Zhang², Junqi Xu², Fanwen Wang², Jian Gao^3,4, Weibo Chen⁵, Hongmei Yan⁶, and He Wang^1,2
1Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, ²Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, ³Department of Nutrition, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, ⁴Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, ⁵Philips Healthcare, Shanghai, China, ⁶Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

Weight loss is a stressful process for obese women, and effects on their physiology and psychology vary from different methods to lose weight. Acupuncture is a relatively easy and effective way, but its mechanism is still unclear. To investigate these phenomena, 16 obese females were recruited to participate in this MRI study. Our results show that the weight loss methods of acupuncture and diet control increase gray matter volume in different regions, and the influence of acupuncture for functional connectivity might be lighter, which is likely to reveal the acupuncture principles and the psychological impact on patients.

Yanyao Du¹, Ru Yang¹, Wenhan Yang¹, Huiting Zhang², and Jun Liu^1
1Department of Radiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China, ²MR Scientific Marking, Siemens Healthcare Ltd., Wuhan, China

This study aimed to explore the changes of amplitude low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) values nearly one-year before and after abstinence in patients with Methamphetamine Abstinence (MA), and to investigate potential imaging markers related to withdrawal based on Harvard-Oxford Atlas. Compared with short-term abstinence group, right middle frontal gyrus (8) and right inferior frontal gyrus, pars triangularis (10) had significantly higher ALFF value at long-term abstinence group. The ALFF value of the two regions may be a new biomarker which can reflect the impact of withdrawal on brain function.