Faye McKenna¹, Yu Veronica Sui¹, Hillary Bertisch¹, Donald Goff¹, and Mariana Lazar^1
1New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States

We applied a three compartment intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) technique that estimated the perfusion fraction (PF), free water (FW), and anisotropic diffusion of tissue (FAt) to detect microvascular and microstructural changes in a cohort of 54 psychotic spectrum disorder (PSD) patients compared to 35 healthy controls (HC). We found significantly increased PF, FW and FAt in PSD and PSD subtypes compared to HC, primarily in the frontal and temporal lobes and cingulate and insular cortices at multiple comparisons correction level. In patients, IVIM metrics were found to be associated with the duration of psychosis and performance on several cognitive tests.

Bonian Lu¹, Rangaprakash Deshpande², Madhura Ingalhalikar³, and Gopikrishna Deshpande^1
1Electrical and Computer Engineering, AU MRI Research Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States, ²Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Medical School and Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Charlestown, MA, United States, ³Symbiosis Center for Medical Image Analysis, Symbiosis International University, Pune, India

In large public multi-site fMRI datasets, the sample characteristics, data acquisition methods and pre-processing approaches vary across sites and datasets, leading to poor diagnostic classification. Domain adaptation aims to improve the classification performance in target domain data by utilizing the knowledge learned from the source domain, and making the distributions of data in source and target domains as similar as possible. In this sense, domain adaptation is one method that can be used to achieve and optimize transfer learning by using different datasets.

Yanlin Wang¹, Shi Tang¹, Xinyu Hu¹, Yongbo Hu¹, Weihong Kuang², Zhiyun Jia¹, Xiaoqi Huang¹, and Qiyong Gong^1
1Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China, ²Department of Psychiatry, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, China

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a clinically heterogeneous syndrome and commonly co-occur alongside symptoms of other psychiatric domains. It is challenging to identify the correspondence between these clinical heterogeneous and relevant neurobiological substrates and define neurophysiological subtypes of MDD. We used regularized canonical correlation analysis (rCCA) to assess a two-dimensional mapping between the intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) and clinical symptoms and thus aid in defined MDD subtypes. We then compared potential symptom severity and neural features alterations between these subtypes and further assess the association between these features.

Peter Jeon¹, Michael MacKinley², Kara Dempster³, Dickson Wong⁴, Lena Palaniyappan^1,2,5,6, and Jean Theberge^1,5,7
1Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada, ²Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON, Canada, ³Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada, ⁴Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada, ⁵Psychiatry, Western University, London, ON, Canada, ⁶Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada, ⁷Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada

Dynamic behaviour of neurometabolites require tools that are able to capture such temporal information. Functional MRS can track metabolite level changes in response to external stimuli, providing valuable observations for illnesses such as schizophrenia. This study employed a 7-Tesla fMRS technique to study the anterior cingulate cortex glutamate, glutamine, and glutathione dynamic behaviours in 38 first-episode schizophrenia and 27 healthy controls. In response to a color-word Stroop task, significant differences were observed in resting and dynamic glutathione levels, supporting abnormal neurometabolite behaviour or circuitry in the early stages of schizophrenia.

Masaya Misaki¹, Beni Mulyana^1,2, Vadim Zotev¹, Brent E Wurfel³, Frank Krueger⁴, Matthew Feldner⁵, and Jerzy Bodurka^1,6
1Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States, ²Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, United States, ³Laureate Psychiatric Clinic and Hospital, Tulsa, OK, United States, ⁴Neuroscience Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States, ⁵Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States, ⁶Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States

While small hippocampal volume is a prevalent neurostructural abnormality in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), whether hippocampal atrophy is a reversible alteration or a permanent trait is unclear. This study examined a volume change among hippocampal subfields due to positive emotion training with left amygdala (LA) fMRI neurofeedback (LA-NF) in PTSD participants. A significant volume increase was seen in the left CA1-head region after the training. This indicates that the small hippocampus in PTSD is a reversible alteration in a part of the subfields and that positive emotion training with LA-NF could induce a hippocampal volume recovery.

Chun-Hung Yeh^1,2, Rung-Yu Tseng¹, Susan Shur-Fen Gau³, and Hsiang-Yuan Lin^4
1Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ²Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ³Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ⁴Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre and Adult Neurodevelopmental and Geriatric Psychiatry Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

Based on the multi-band multi-shell diffusion MRI data acquisition and fixel-based analysis, the purpose of our study is to provide more insights into neurobiological accounts of autism, inclusive of understudied low functioning individuals. Preprocessed DWI data of 38 TD and 65 autistic participants were analysed. We found reduced fibre density in the splenium of the corpus callosum in autisitic individuals. This autism-associated alteration appears to be mainly driven by those autistic individuals with developmental disabilities. Our findings suggest studies inclusive of autistic people comorbid with developmental disabilities using the novel models may bridge some heterogeneity noted in the literature.

William S.H. Kim^1,2, Mikaela K. Dimick^3,4, Danielle Omrin⁴, Beverley A. Orser^4,5, Benjamin I. Goldstein^4,6, and Bradley J. MacIntosh^1,2
1Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, ²Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada, ³Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, ⁴Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada, ⁵Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, ⁶Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

Multiple post-label delay (multi-PLD) arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging is one approach to monitor cerebral hemodynamic drug responses. In addition to cerebral blood flow (CBF), it is possible to map arterial transit time (ATT) and arterial cerebral blood volume (aCBV). Here, we investigate multi-PLD ASL-derived CBF, ATT, and aCBV responses to a single treatment of either: 1) nitrous oxide or 2) midazolam among adults with treatment-resistant bipolar depression. Between baseline and post-treatment timepoints, we report treatment effects on CBF change in the temporal lobe and on ATT change in the frontal and parietal lobes.

Qiannan Zhao¹, Hengyi Cao^1,2,3, Yuan Xiao¹, Qiyong Gong¹, and Su Lui^1
1Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, ²Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, United States, ³Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States

Subcortical morphological abnormalities are associated with cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. We hypothesized that patients with different degree of cognitive impairment might be separated by subcortical morphological abnormalities. Here we identified two distinct clusters in patients with schizophrenia based on their regional subcortical volume. Different degree of regional subcortical volume, global brain volume and cognitive impairment were observed between two clusters of patients, with more severe cognitive impairment in the more severe morphological deficit cluster. These findings indicate critical relationships between subcortical structures and cognition in schizophrenia, and suggest that subcortical morphological abnormalities could help to capture cognitive profiles in schizophrenia.

Antonia Kaiser¹, Marco A. Bottelier^1,2, Michelle M. Solleveld¹, Hyke G.H. Tamminga^1,3, Cheima Bouziane¹, Ramon J.L. Lindauer^4,5, Paul J. Lucassen⁶, Michiel B. de Ruiter^1,7, Anouk Schrantee¹, and Liesbeth Reneman^1
1Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands, ²Child Study Center, Accare, Groningen, Netherlands, ³Dutch Autism and ADHD research center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands, ⁴Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands, ⁵De Bascule, Academic Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, Netherlands, ⁶Brain Plasticity Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands, ⁷Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Emotional dysregulation (ED) is an important outcome moderator of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). We previously found that acute administration of methylphenidate age-dependently modulated neural mechanisms underlying ED, i.e., amygdala reactivity, but effects of chronic methylphenidate administration remain unknown. Following randomization to 16 weeks of methylphenidate or placebo treatment, we here report a lasting improvement in ED, depressive and anxiety symptoms in ADHD children, whereas a transient improvement of ED and depressive symptoms occurred in adults, independent of treatment condition. Although depressive and anxiety symptoms at baseline negatively predicted ADHD symptom change in adults, age-dependent effects on amygdala reactivity were absent.

Xue Li¹, Hailong Li², Lingxiao Cao², Jing Liu², Haoyang Xing¹, and Xiaoqi Huang^2
1Department of Physics, Sichuan university, chengdu, China, ²Huaxi Magnetic Resonance Research Centre (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, chengdu, China

Graph theoretical approaches across multiple frequency bands were adopted to investigate whether there exist specific frequency band-related changes of brain functional connectome in OCD patients. We found significant between-group differences of global metrics only at slow-3 band (.074–0.198 Hz), On local metrics, we observed a frequency-dependent characteristic. The results suggested that multiband measurement indeed provided some new insight about the nature of brain functional connectome changes in OCD, future studies should take the different frequency bands into account when measure brain’s spontaneous activity.