ISMRM & SMRT Annual Meeting • 15-20 May 2021

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Weekend Course

Machine Learning: Everything You Wanted to Know but Were Afraid to Ask

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Machine Learning: Everything You Wanted to Know but Were Afraid to Ask
Weekend Course
ORGANIZERS: Daniel Rueckert, Carl-Fredrik Westin, Florian Knoll
Saturday, 15 May 2021
Concurrent 4 14:30 -  15:15 Moderators: Carl-Fredrik Westin & Demian Wassermann
Skill Level: Basic to Advanced
Session Number: WE-10
Parent Session: Machine Learning: Everything You Wanted to Know but Were Afraid to Ask

Session Number: WE-10

Overview
In this session, we will cover the theoretical foundation of machine learning, provide practical guidelines how to get started, and then cover specific applications in MR imaging both from a technical and clinical point of view.

Target Audience
Researchers and clinicians interested in learning more about what machine learning is, how it works, how to get started, and what it can and (at least currently) cannot do.

Educational Objectives
As a result of attending this course, participants should be able to:
- Define the theoretical foundations of machine learning;
- Choose the appropriate (deep) model for their particular research question;
- Describe example applications in MRI where machine learning can be used;
- Recognize limitations and challenges of using machine learning in emerging applications; and
- Discuss the potential clinical impact of machine learning on field of MRI.

    How to Translate ML into the Clinic

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Shreyas Vasanawala
Machine learning (ML) has the potential to impact strongly medical imaging.  Though much attention has been focused on image analysis, ML is poised to improve imaging at all steps of the medical imaging chain.  This presentation will provide an overview of the significant barriers to widespread translation of ML, the steps in the medical imaging chain at which ML can be applied, and examples of approaches that have enabled use in clinical settings.
  How to Read/Write Machine Learning Papers in MRI

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Alan McMillan
Machine and deep learning applications are taking our field by storm. Learn more about specific aspects that you should know about when reading and/or writing machine learning or deep learning papers. This talk covers existing reporting guidelines for AI papers and describes specific issues that should be considered by both readers and writers to ensure the development of robust and repeatable research.
  Deep Learning in ML

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Roger Tam
This lecture is an introduction to deep learning and will present the following topics: the components of a basic neural network, supervised training using backpropagation, basic features of a convolutional neural network, key considerations in the design and training of neural networks, and resources to get started.
  Basic Introduction to ML

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Jeffrey Fessler
Basic introduction to machine learning.
  Adversarial Learning in ML

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Elizabeth Cole
This talk motivates adversarial learning in ML from a MR researcher perspective. First, I’ll be briefly discussing some limitations of supervised learning. Next, I’ll be introducing a form of adversarial learning, generative adversarial networks – or GANs for short. Then, I’ll show how we can combine GANs with compressed sensing for the purpose of MRI reconstruction. Next, I’ll be showing some work on a fully unsupervised reconstruction method using GANs. Finally, I’ll discuss some practical considerations for those interested in training their own GAN.
  Bayesian Approaches in ML

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Archana Venkataraman
At its core, Bayesian ML is about making predictions from noisy and imperfect data. These predictions rely on the posterior distribution, which combines a priori assumptions about the unknown quantities with a likelihood model for the observed data. This tutorial introduces classical themes in Bayesian analysis. We will start with fundamentals of random variables and conditional distributions, building into the well-known “Bayes Rule”. From here, we will dive into hypothesis testing and parameter estimation, including how to perform inference in these setups. Finally, we will showcase a flexible and interpretable Bayesian model for functional connectomics.

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